Red ground spider4/28/2024 ![]() Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 - North America, Asia, Europe.Drassodex Murphy, 2007 - Spain, France, Switzerland.Drassodes Westring, 1851 - Africa, South America, Asia, Europe, North America.Diaphractus Purcell, 1907 - South Africa, Namibia.Cubanopyllus Alayón & Platnick, 1993 - Cuba.Cryptoerithus Rainbow, 1915 - Australia.Cryptodrassus Miller, 1943 - Europe, Asia.Cladothela Kishida, 1928 - Japan, China, Korea.Civizelotes Senglet, 2012 - Asia, Morocco, Europe.Chatzakia Lissner & Bosmans, 2016 - Spain.Cesonia Simon, 1893 - Greece, Turkey, North America, Central America, Caribbean.Canariognapha Wunderlich, 2011 - Canary Is.Camillina Berland, 1919 - Asia, Central America, South America, Africa, North America, Italy, Caribbean.Callipelis Zamani & Marusik, 2017 - Iran.Callilepis Westring, 1874 - Asia, North America, Europe.Cabanadrassus Mello-Leitão, 1941 - Argentina.Berlandina Dalmas, 1922 - Asia, Africa, Europe.Berinda Roewer, 1928 - Greece, Turkey, Cyprus.Avstroneulanda Zakharov & Ovtsharenko, 2022.Australoechemus Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 - Cape Verde Is.Arauchemus Ott & Brescovit, 2012 - Brazil.Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab, 1984 - South America, Mexico.Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924 - South America, Mexico, India.Aphantaulax Simon, 1878 - Asia, Africa, Australia, France.Anzacia Dalmas, 1919 - Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.Aneplasa Tucker, 1923 - South Africa, Angola.Anagraphis Simon, 1893 - Africa, Asia, Europe.Amusia Tullgren, 1910 - South Africa, East Africa.Amazoromus Brescovit & Höfer, 1994 - Brazil.Almafuerte Grismado & Carrión, 2017 - Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay.By immobilizing potential prey in this manner, ground spiders can subdue proportionally large creatures while reducing risk of injury to themselves from their prey's attempts to fight back. When hunting, ground spiders produce thick, gluey silk from their enlarged spinnerets and attempt to use it to entangle their prey in swathing attacks, often applying their webbing to their prey's legs and mouths. They are adapted to hunting large and potentially dangerous prey, including other spiders, which they subdue by using their silk. Ground spiders hunt by active foraging, chasing down and subduing individual prey items. The thick-walled egg sacs are guarded by the mother until the spiderlings hatch. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genitalia because of their peculiar copulatory mechanism. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus Micaria. ![]() Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. It includes both those positively identified to the exact species as well as those incompletely identified.Īll listed species are native to the area.Callilepis nocturna, a ground spider found in the Palearctic realm The following is a list of 58 species of spiders and other arthropods (centipedes, scorpions, mites, ticks) observed on the Pinnacle Nature Reserve.
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